JAPANESE DEREGULATION essays

JAPANESE DEREGULATION essays JAPAN'S "BIG BANG" FINANCIAL DEREGULATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR REGULATORY AND SUPERVISORY POLICY Former Prime Minister Ryutaro Hashimoto announced that government would undertake an extensive deregulation of Japan's financial system by 2001- a proposal likened by senior officials to the "Big Bang" financial deregulation in the United Kingdom more than a decade ago. The exact nature of these reforms, the timetable for implementation, and indeed whether the reforms will be as sweeping as promised, is still uncertain. The fundamental changes proposed, even were they to greatly benefit the Japanese economy as a whole, would necessarily entail losers as well as winners. And the potential losers, at present protected (by regulation) from market competition in Japan's compartmentalized financial-services industry, are likely to vigorously oppose change. Financial deregulation in Japan has been on the agenda for many years, proceeding only gradually, and some skeptics argue that a sense of deja vu surrounds the present push for deregulation as well. Japan's financial system, however, is at a juncture today which is not comparable to any other episode during the past 45 years. Stress in the Japanese financial system, especially failure to quickly resolve the non-performing loan problem, continues to hold back the economy and has stagnated a large part of the real estate market. And the shortcomings of the existing regulatory and supervisory structure, pit against vastly different financial institutions (and markets) than just 15 years ago, is readily apparent. Market forces and competition among financial institutions make the existing financial structure incompatible with Japan's regulatory and supervisory structure. For these conflicts to be resolved, reform is necessary. Hence, economic as well as political pressure for fundamental reform will continue even if the present wave of popular opinion against Japan's financial institutions a...

Grade and Radio Frequency Identification Essays

Grade and Radio Frequency Identification Essays Grade and Radio Frequency Identification Essay Grade and Radio Frequency Identification Essay You have not described the context in which the question arises, so this will briefly discuss grading systems in general. A grading system can have a large or small scope. A grading system with small scope might the be the one that assigns a keep/dont keep grade to leftovers in your refrigerator. A grading system with large scope is the one used for students in schools. The A-F grading is not only used to assign homework and test grades, it is used for attendance, contribution to class discussion, and more. It has implications for educational opportunities offered, scholarships, Job opportunities. One test grade can have effects more than 25 years later, long after life, career, and family have tested the person in far more meaningful ways. All grading systems have limitations. Chief among them is the possibility of incorrect assignment of grade. In many cases, a slight error is not significant, but it some cases (grading food in your refrigerator, for example) it can cause illness or death. Another limitation is that grades may be assumed to have meaning that they do not have. School grades, for example are often assumed to say something about the ability and character of the person. : They do not. They only reflect the Judgment of the grader in very specific circumstances that usually have little relation to life. -the scope is students can easily access their grades and the limitation is there is risk on security of grade The objective and scope of my Project online grading system is to record the details various activities of user. It will simplifies the task and reduse the paper work. During implementation every user will be given appropriate training to suit their specific needs. Specific support will also be provided at key points within the academic calendar. Training will be provided on a timely basis, and you will be rained as the new is online grading system rolled out to your area of responsibility. At the moment we are in the very early [continues] ABSTRACT This project examines the issues related to Automated Grading System that implements a local based application of grading system. This would create a system of reliable and accurate to compute grade in all different subjects. A comparatively fast access of information of grades: generates reports and information of the input of teachers. This will be designed with the intent to generate report. It helps teachers to minimize time consumed in computing grades of the students using manual ethod 1 . Introduction Grading System is design to provide inducement reward for the achievement and assists in identifying problems of the students. It is the most commonly used in identifying problems of the students. It is the most commonly used in computing and analyzing the performance, talent and skills of students, the important record to keep next level of attaining their goals. It is also used for analyzing ones attitude and values. On the other hand automation had a notable impact wide range of industries beyond manufacture. Once a pervasive telephone operator have been replaced by utomated telephone switchboards and answering machines. Medical Process such as a primary screening in electrocardiography or radiography and laboratory analysis of human and tissues are carried out at much greater speed and [continues] Computerized Grading System Grading System is designed to provide incentive reward for achievement and assist in identifying problems of the student. Grading System is the most commonly used in computing and analyzing the performance, talent and skills of students? It is the important record to keep even for the longest time for the referral and credentials of he student to enter their next level of attaining their goals. It is the tract record that recognizes of one student, this maybe use for analyzing of your attitude and values Today, many colleges and universities still use automated system in daily life. But there are so many schools are still using manual system. Grading System is the most commonly used in computing and analyzing the performance, talents and skills of the students. It is the important record to keep even for the longest time for the referral and credentials of the student to enter their next level of attaining their goals. Grading System for Data Accuracy will help a lot in the part of teachers, school, administration and as well as the security of data of students. The proponents attempt to develop a Grading System that may eliminate the word manual. Another feature is the automatic importing of grades from the instructors class record and printing it in different forms, unlike the current system wherein they need to write everything and present everything in person. However, this Proposed system can give us more data accuracy and speed up time not only for the students but also for the instructors. Another capability of the proposed system is storing and accessing old data. Attendance Monitoring System According to the website polson. kl 2. mt. us, Students usually begin each new school year with excitement and enthusiasm even if they dont show it to adults. The anticipation of new classes, new friendships, and renewing old friendship provides real motivation for daily attendance at school during those first continues] THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND This chapter discusses the background of the study statement of the problem, statement of the objectives, scope and limitation of the study. INTRODUCTION As the technology arises, its become necessary to propose a system that can meet the changing requirements like grading scheme generator with class record management. It includes computerize and customizing class record. Computes the grade of the s tudents and generates the high and low performers in the class. Presently, the traditional and old way of computing grade As new security threats evolve regularly, it become necessary to propose a system that can meet the changing requirements like radio frequency identification with SMS technology system. It includes easy updates, monitoring of default users and lso scalability to integrate new users. Presently, monitoring of the person entering and leaving the university becomes a major concern to its administration since its own population becomes larger and there are more people inquiring for admission and other interest. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of Grading Scheme Generator with Class record management to see if the benefits associated with their use outweigh concerns in managing the class record. For these purposes proponents will use three categories: (1) comfort, which is the duration of calculation and the ease of use. 2) Accuracy that minimal error rates such as clarity, consistency, measurability, and (3) Availability which is the portion of a potential user group who can use radio frequency identification for technical recognition purposes. Radio frequency identification is technological tools increase security, increase integrity of social programs such as, welfare, and eases the burden on individual who carry multiple forms of identification. If this is implemented, the universities will achieve greater speed and accuracy with regards to grades of the students and the good.. INTRODUCTION: This study is made through the efforts of the reader as a partial fulfilment for the course DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM. This system entitled as HOURS OF DATAMEX OJT IN NATIONAL STATISTICS OFFICE. This system a complex topic that involves philosophical, pedagogical, and pragmatic issues for all students. We all have our own ideas of how grades should be assigned, and what they should tell us about the students performance. This grading system rests on the assumption that the level of student performance will not vary much from class to class. In this system the instructor usually determines the percentage of students assigned each grade, lthough it may be determined (or at least influenced) by departmental policy. All information supplied to the National Statistics Office is treated as strictly confidential. This information is used solely in the compilation of statistical reports. No information on individual returns can be given to any external public or private entity. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: collecting, compiling, classifying, producing, publishing, and disseminating general- purpose statistics in the Philippines. lt coverings of areas from leyte specially tacloban,capoocan , abuyog ,etc. The main objective of this paper is to propose an ffective and friendly used grading system in DATAMEX. It shows the final grades of a student and the computation of the grade both midterm and finals. This proposal helps the student to be aware to their grade if he/she is failed or pass the specific subject The National Statistics Office (NSO) was first called the Bureau of the Census and Statistics (BCS) under Commonwealth Act. No. 591 approved on August 19, 1940. The BCS was created to consolidate statistical activities of the government under the executive direction of the President of the Philippines. Transferred to the BCS were the powers, [continues]

Psychology of Gay and Lesbian Adolescents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychology of Gay and Lesbian Adolescents - Essay Example "Homosexuality is the persistent sexual and emotional attraction to someone of the same sex. It is part of the range of sexual expression. Many gay and lesbian individuals first become aware of and experience their homosexual thoughts and feelings during childhood and adolescence" (Anderson and Adley, 1997, p.71). At the same time their parents begin to consider the adolescent to have mental disorder, as the traditional social stereotypes pose homosexuality as disease. In addition, Catholic Church prohibits 'sodomy' as one of the most dangerous deathly sins. The basic theory about gay and lesbian sexual identity was created by A.Kinsey during his work at Huckleberry House, an institution that provided homosexual youth with psychological support and care. The first phase of 'coming out' (Kinsey et al, 1953) process begins when the teenager realizes he/she is different from others. The second stage includes direct attraction to the individuals of the same gender, followed by guilt and the anticipation of ostracism from the side of 'decent public'. Furthermore, gay and lesbian adolescents might either deny themselves or begin to manifest their identity, with relative teenage maximalism.

Literature review Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 2

Literature review - Coursework Example The question thus remains whether financial sector can be considered as a signification source of economic development. In general, financial development has a twofold effect on economic growth. For one, capital accumulation can be increased by the financial sector. Secondly, development of financial institutions leads to enhanced savings which means greater investments resulting in greater capital accumulation. With increasing investments, capital can be used to increase the level of gross production. Also, properly developed financial institutions means increased variety of financial instruments that facilitate lenders and borrowers thus having a positive impact on the overall economy. However, in the long run other factors like human and physical capital need to be considered as other sources of economic growth. This paper will conduct a literature review on the subject of the relationship between financial development and economic growth in the context of the Indian economy. Furt her, the literature findings will be related with theories from articles based on similar context. Although not all views support the role of financial development on economic growth, positive views can be seen in Levine’s (1997) article. According to Levine’s theory, well developed financial institutions helps in reducing costs attached to information and transaction. Such reduced costs encourage increased investments leading to capital accumulation. With greater level of capital, there can be more spending on research sector leading to technological development causing higher efficiency in production process which in turns means increased level of gross production. Moreover, Levine has taken a broader approach in stating that various functions of financial institutions facilitate capital accumulation, rate of savings and trading of goods. Thus, he has concluded that financial structure as a whole,

Tax Law Essay Example for Free

Tax Law Essay Summarize the sources and objectives of modern income tax statutes. The primary source of US tax law is Congress. Power to initiate tax legislation is vested in the House of Representatives but all tax bills must pass both houses and be signed into law by the President. Many times the details of the legislation are not dictated by Congress, but left to the Treasury Department which adopts regulations (that have the force of law) to spell out the details as well as interpret the statutes and provide guidance on the law. In addition, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) issues rulings that address the application of the law to specific fact situations. The court system is also involved in making tax law through decisions about specific fact situations. The main tax courts are the US Tax Court and the District Courts of the US. These decisions can (and do) overturn and change tax provisions based on other decisions, as well as the legislative history of the particular legislation. The primary objective of the federal income tax law is to raise revenues for government operations. In recent years, the federal government has broadened its use of the tax laws to accomplish various economic and social policy objectives. Economic Objectives The federal income tax law is used as a fiscal policy tool to stimulate private investment, reduce unemployment, and mitigate the effects of inflation on the economy. The federal income tax law also attempts to stimulate and encourage certain activities, specialized industries, and small businesses. Social Objectives The tax law attempts to encourage or discourage certain socially desirable or undersirable activities. For example: Special tax-favored pension and profit-sharing plans have been created for employees and self-employed individuals to supplement the social security retirement system. Compare and contrast GAAP and tax accounting. Explain why they are different. GAAP accounting records all financial transactions: cash, accrual, investment, expenses, tax and all other expenses and deductions that may or may not have to be reported on your yearly tax form. This form of accounting is governed by strict standards and rules and may show actual income that is different from taxable income. GAAP accounting is a set of standards provided by policy boards and commonly accepted methods of recording financial information that gives consistency to any type of financial reporting. Tax based accounting is used by most CPAs, and the majority of certified financial statements come from tax based accounting. The focus of this type of accounting is on tracking your taxable income as it builds throughout the year. Tax accounting is a method of producing financial statements that uses the same methods that will apply to your tax return. Features GAAP accounting provides a means for a business to have a complete overview of the reality of its operations by tracking all monetary relationships, investments and expenditure. Tax accounting provides a focus on business or personal expenses that pertain to tax records only. Benefits GAAP accounting is more involved then tax accounting and provides more details about the monetary reality of daily operations that may or may not pertain to your tax needs. It also provides an accurate statement of your liabilities and assets. Tax based accounting has less rules and makes it easier to see where you stand at any given point of the year with taxable income, it does not, however, reliably report all liabilities and assets. Considerations When choosing which form of accounting to use for your personal or business needs there are several points to consider. If your business must issue financial statements to investors, GAAP provides greater consistency in the reporting, as it is guided by industry standards and not subject to the many changes that occur in tax requirements on a yearly basis. If you are newly in business, or if you are just beginning to use an accounting method in your personal life, you may want to utilize GAAP standards, as it will allow ou to begin to see how money is used in all areas of your life and business. If you are established in your business and do not need to issue financial statements, or your personal budget is adequate and realistic to your living needs, the simpler tax accounting methods may be better for you as your focus will remain on what is needed to successfully file taxes at the end of each year, and you do not need the masses of data associated with tracking ever y financial transaction that occurs during the year. Expert Insight Tax accounting, also known as OCBOA (Other Comprehensive Basis of Accounting), also includes a method of accounting known as cash basis. It is rare that any business can succeed basing its accounting on cash. The intricacies of financial transactions and the necessity of looking for non-cash based deductions come tax time make cash based tax accounting impractical. Note that all standards for accounting are set by the IASC (International Accounting Standards Commission). Differentiate between tax avoidance and tax evasion. Since the passage of the first income tax law, tax accountants, lawyers, and business persons have concerned themselves with choosing among the various forms a transaction may take. Tax planning is the process of arranging an individual’s transactions in such a manner as to maximize the individual’s after-tax income. This process is called tax avoidance, and it is a legal and legitimate pursuit. Some persons choose to ignore their obligations and the clear provisions of the law, and their actions often result in Tax Evasion. Tax evasion involves fraudulent or criminal behavior as well as conduct involving deception, concealment, or destruction of records. Tax evasion occurs when the taxpayer avoids payment of taxes that are legally due and owed under tax laws, either through underreporting income or claim deductions to which they are not entitled. The English precedents were relied on repeatedly by Indian courts as well. Tax avoidance was thus seen as a permanent right of assessees. Then came the turbulence, temporary though. The Supreme Court, in the McDowell Co Ltd vs CTO (1985 154 ITR 148 SC) case, said that time has come to depart from the old thinking. It said even tax avoidance is bad and deserves condemnation. The apex courts justification for this being, the House of Lords, the highest judicial forum of English, has given a go-by to the principle laid down by the British courts (in Duke of Westminster case). Since tax avoidance as a legal route was rejected by the very country of origin, it does not merit any better treatment in India, the Supreme Court held. The adverse legal consequences of this judgment for taxpayers were enormous. First, it came from the highest court of the land and, therefore, binding on all lower courts and Tribunals. Two, the McDowell case blurred the distinction between avoidance and evasion. The Department, of course, welcomed the ruling. It repeatedly tried applying this case, as only the Supreme Court can undo the McDowell case, if at all. And fortunately the apex court did reverse the findings in the McDowell case in Union of India vs Azadi Bachao Andolan (2003 132 Taxmann 373 SC). It was argued before the Supreme Court that the McDowell case had changed the face of fiscal jurisprudence in the country. Therefore, for any tax planning, the court must strike down what is intended to and results in avoidance. Rejecting this argument, the apex court upheld the legitimate rights of taxpayer in tax avoidance. In the process, it found that the McDowell ruling was nothing exceptional but only an exception to the well-settled law.

The Great Depression in the United States Essay -- essays research pap

The United States? Downfall Screams, tears, and cries for help were all part of America's downfall. From 1929 through 1941 there was only one thing that was plentiful, sorrow. During this time the United States was faced with another obstacle. It changed America in many ways. One hard struggle lead to the next. The later events all started with the crash of the stock market. This period can only be explained by its name. So, the stock market crash in the United States caused businesses to close, banks to fall, and many people to become unemployed, causing this twelve-year period of suffering to become known as ?The Great Depression?. As stated by Nelson Cary in his overview of the Great Depression, ?the core of the problem was the immense disparity between the country?s productive capacity and the ability of people to consume?. There were more introductions of new items in the United States than before, during, or after World War I. The Government had tremendous debt from this war. The economy suffered greatly during this time because of the immense deficits left from the war. The farmers and the wage earners received printed money that actually had no true value. The overproduction made the lower class, such as farmers and trade smiths, become part of the higher class. Therefore there was not a balance between lower and higher, thus making the market tip. The bottom line was that paper money at that time had no real value. So, even if you had money, people would not take it because there was not a balance for the banks to stand on. Most people then were categorized to be in the lower class. So now, once again there was not a balance between lower and higher class. All people experienced suffering. ?Broth... ...bout 800,000 people left Arkansas, Texas, Missouri, and Oklahoma. The government then abandoned the AAA act when the tax on food processors was ruled to be unconstitutional. As you can see, the United States of America has changed greatly since the Great Depression. Our idea of what we need and what is poor has changed greatly since this period. This twelve year time period shows how things can change, and how people can adapt to economic crisis when they are forced to. Without our fall, other countries may have experienced this. So, this period of American history still serves as a lesson today. As quoted by many people, ?If we do not know our history, we are destined to repeat it?. In conclusion, you can see the Great Depression caused great calamity and sorrow, but in the end, it was one of the best learning experiences the United States has ever seen.

Organizational Development Final Project

In preparing his paper, you will examine how the theories and models presented In this course, as well as In the literature, can be utilized to support and facilitate a planned change effort. Your focus can be within a particular organizational setting of your choice, or an industry, or a type of organizations in general (for example, non-profit, civic, for- profit). The focus could be on a specific organizational change, for example, enhancing creativity and innovation. The action plan should be written as a serious proposal to executive management about a specific planned change effort. Discuss the following elements in your proposal.As you will see, you will need to have a working knowledge of this challenge, either from literature or company documents or your own observations. 2 Introduction. Brief description of the current organizational challenge. This proposal is from your perspective, as you have not yet engaged others in this process. That said, describe the challenge from your perspective and describe your role as related to the challenge. Current State. Description of current state to Include: o What has been done to correct or address the challenge? O What is the urgency to meet this challenge? O What are the consequences of not changing?Desired Future State. Description of the desired state you wish to see in terms of this current challenge to include the following elements. Keep in mind that this is still from your perspective, as you have not yet engaged others in the DO process. Please note that if you have engaged others in this discussion, such as the manager of the department, address that in the paper. O What is the ideal state of the organization in terms of this current challenge? O What behaviors will organizational members demonstrate? O What behaviors will organizational leaders demonstrate? O What will the â€Å"changed organization† feel like (culture)?What value will this planned change effort add to the organization? Action Plan. Steps you (and others) will take to make the desired state a reality. O Change Team: Who needs to be involved in this process to ensure its success? O Brief discussion of alignment of this proposed change with organization development values and assumptions. O Describe an overall approach (strategy) for creating and implementing the change, such as Action Research, Organization Change Process. O Describe a minimum of three methods or tools you will use to assess and facilitate this planned change effort (embedded within your strategy).Describe challenges and barriers you anticipate and how you will address them. This could include organizational readiness for change, expected resistance to change, organizational leadership. Benefits. Description of benefits of this proposal. O List 3 – 5 specific results you expect from successful implementation of the plan. Option 1 for Signature Assignment 61 5 Organization Development and Change Master Syllabus rev 01 . 13. 12 page 7 o Link back to consequences of not changing. O Describe success measures that will be used (evaluation). First Step. Summarize with one specific first step.You will draw from multiple sources (minimum 5) including Journal articles, books, and professional references such as associations and websites (this will help place your proposal within the framework of what others have done to address the challenge. ) You may also draw from class discussions and activities, as well as your own experience within organizational settings. Look for ways to integrate organization development with other leadership theories and concepts discussed in organizational leadership (drawing from other OLL, HRS, HA courses and/or 613 Dynamics of Organization Behavior). Page 8

Ladylikeness empowering or demeaning

Ladyfingers can be empowering or demeaning depending on the woman and the circumstance. Ladyfingers can be empowering for women by helping them be more gentle and fruitful in everyday life. Ladyfingers can cause a woman who is more of the calm type to be demeaned, disrespected and dismissed. Women become more aggressive and assertive because they don't want to be treated unfairly and women taken serious. Most women who are successful and acknowledged in society today display strength.A definition of â€Å"ladyfingers† is â€Å"lacking in strength, force, or virility'. Ladyfingers for a â€Å"Woman M† who is rough, destructive, vulgar and violent would be empowering. She will be empowered by being more gentle and fruitful in everyday life. For example, this woman being more nurturing toward her children and taking time to listen and understand before acting on impulse. Ladyfingers for a â€Å"Woman N† who is meek, gentle, weak and pleasant would not be demeaning until she tries to stand up for a belief or position.Woman N will be demeaned by being discouraged and falling short of her position. The more timid she is the easier it is for people to shun her and her ideas. The more she is shot down people will look at her less seriously. The more people see how weak she is they will be comfortable with dismissing her. A definition of â€Å"demean† Is â€Å"to lower character, status, or reputation†. There are many things that can lower character, status, or reputation. For example, a loss of wages, a loss of respect, a loss of a position, etc.Ladyfingers should not demean a woman. I am assuming the word â€Å"lady' In the word â€Å"ladyfingers† Implies that ladyfingers Is safe for women. Therefore, a woman being ladylike should not be lowered in character, status or reputation. If a lady can be ladylike without negative percussion, then who can? The definition of â€Å"ladyfingers† Implies that being feminine and r esilient cannot co-exalts together In one woman. The main reason ladyfingers raises a concern for women Is because women don't want to be treated unfairly and women want to be heard.The women In society today who are successful In their craft are assertive and aggressive. Women who are aggressive and assertive may be Intimidating but they are the women who made It out of the shadows and Into a spotlight. All women need strength to be Independent and sufficient at what Is required of them In their dally lives Ladyfingers can be empowering or demeaning depending on the woman and the circumstance. Ladyfingers raises concern for women. Therefore, ladyfingers raises a concern for women.Ladyfingers Is empowering for women Like ‘Woman M† but causes â€Å"Woman N† to become put down overtime. According to the definitions women who are successful today are not ladylike and this Is fine. These women combated what was against them In such a way that they accomplished their g oals and get where they wanted to be. However, women should be able to be ladylike without worrying about being treated unfairly, overlooked and disrespected. Dillydallies empowering or demeaning By lady dismissing her. A definition of â€Å"demean† is â€Å"to lower character, status, or reputation†. Mean a woman. I am assuming the word â€Å"lady' in the word â€Å"ladyfingers† implies that ladyfingers is safe for women. Therefore, a woman being ladylike should not be repercussion, then who can? The definition of â€Å"ladyfingers† implies that being feminine and resilient cannot co-exist together in one woman. The main reason ladyfingers raises a concern for women is because women don't want to be treated unfairly and women want to be heard. The women in society today who are successful in their craft are assertive and aggressive.Women who are aggressive and assertive may be intimidating but they are the women who made it out of the shadows and into a spotlight. All women need strength to be independent and sufficient at what is required of them in their daily lives Ladyfingers can be women. Ladyfingers is empowering for women like â€Å"Woman M† but causes â€Å"Woman N† to become put down overtime. According to the definitions women who are successful today are not ladylike and this is fine. These women combated what was against them in such a way that they accomplished their goals and get where they

DBQ on the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and how it collapsed.

DBQ on the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and how it collapsed. Rome faced many problems, during the third century A.D. The Germanic tribes invaded Rome, which seemed to sound the death knell for the Western Empire, in addition to internal decay. Historians have examined the internal and the external conditions that have lead to the fall of the Western Roman Empire.A main reason for that fall of the Western Roman Empire was that the people did not have many rights. The government had mostly all of the control in Rome. Most of the normal citizens would just be farmers, and couldn't be in the government.A main problem was that Rome had economic problems. No one in the city wanted to be in the army, because they wanted to be religious, and they just wanted peace, and there weren't as many kids to join the army. This lead to the Roman Empire hiring Mercenaries. They were Germans that went to war for little pay.Europe after the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...There were too many slaves in the city. farmers quit their jobs, because of the high taxe s. They quit their jobs, because slaves would do it for free. The city couldn't get all the supplies they needed with all of the slaves doing the work.The loss of money, and people being poor also lead to the fall of the Empire. When the empire stopped expanding, they couldn't get that much money for the empire. The government had to put a lot of money into the empire, to maintain the safety of the city. A lot of people left there jobs, because of taxes. People just couldn't afford it anymore. The establishment of the system welfare made people not want to work. They would still get paid even if they just sat at home all day. Then there were no jobs, which lead Rome into...

Compound Tenses in English Grammar

Compound Tenses in English Grammar In English grammar, compound tense is a traditional term for a verb construction that uses more than one word to express a meaning related to time. A verb construction that uses only one word is called a simple tense.Compound tenses are made up of auxiliary verbs  (or helping verbs) combined with other verb forms. The perfect, past perfect (also known as pluperfect), progressive, and (in some cases) future are forms traditionally regarded as compound tenses in English. Examples and Observations Simple Tenses vs. Compound TensesThe distinction between simple and compound tenses corresponds to the distinction between affixes and words. A simple tense form of a verb is a single word, usually augmented by a suffix (less often a prefix). A compound tense form consists of several words, at least one of them an auxiliary. The work done by the affix in a simple tense form and the auxiliary in a compound tense form is broadly the same; it expresses some distinction in the general area of time. . . .What is potentially confusing here is the fact that English, like many European languages, uses the past participle (e.g. taken) both for the perfect (a compound tense) and for the passive voice. Note that the English passive is formed in a way quite parallel to the formation of compound tenses, i.e. with an auxiliary and a participle. But, of course, passive is not a tense.(James R. Hurford,  Grammar: A Students Guide. Cambridge University Press, 1994)[W]hen the father comes in from wo rk, he eats, and finally the mother herself eats alone or with the smaller children, who probably have already eaten what they wanted with the others.(Jack E. Weller,  Yesterdays People: Life in Contemporary Appalachia. University Press of Kentucky, 1995) I wash my face, dress and go downstairs where my wife  is feeding the  baby.(Julius Lester,  Lovesong: Becoming a Jew. Arcade, 2013)Anyone who  has read the  judgments of Lord Denning or Lord Atkin will know the importance of the way the facts are presented.(Alan Paterson,  Final Judgment: The Last Law Lords and the Supreme Court. Hart, 2013)Dana  had left the office  to tend to the children, and Keith puttered around the church, unable to do anything productive. He finally left.(John Grisham, The Confession. Doubleday, 2010). Perfect Aspect and Compound Tenses The perfect is a past tense that is marked by means of an auxiliary verb rather than by inflection, like the preterite. The auxiliary is have, which is followed by a past participle. Examples are given in [40] along with their non-perfect counterparts:[40i] a. She has been ill. [perfect]   b. She is ill [non-perfect][40ii] a. She had left town. [perfect]   b. She left town. [non-perfect][40iii] a. She is said to have spoken fluent Greek. [perfect] (b) She is said to speak fluent Greek. [non-perfect]In [ia] and [iia] the auxiliary have is itself inflected for primary tense, has being a present tense form, had a peterite. These constructions thus have compound tense: [ia] is a present perfect, [iia] is a preterite perfect. In [iiia] have is in the plain form, so this time there is no primary tense, no compound tense.(Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey K. Pullum,  A Students Introduction to English Grammar. Cambridge University Press, 2005) Expressing the Future With Compound Tenses Past and present are the only English simple tenses, using one-word forms of the verb. Future is expressed in English as a compound tense, with two words, using the modal auxiliary will, e.g. will come; the corresponding past tense came is just one word.(James R. Hurford,  Grammar: A Students Guide. Cambridge University Press, 1994)  Bessie was baffled. How do these birds live? Where do they sleep at night? And how can they survive the rains, the cold, the snow? I will go home, Bessie decided. People will not leave me in the streets.(Isaac Bashevis Singer, The Key. The New Yorker, 1970)

Gross National Income of different countries Statistics Project

Gross National Income of different countries - Statistics Project Example Data was collected by the World Bank Organisation about the Gross National Income, expressed in purchasing power parity dollars to adjust for price level differences across countries. The data is not adjusted for inflation. There are values for each year from 2001 -2009 for each country. The numbers are measured in millions of dollars. Analysis is conducted taking the 2008 values only. The data has been acquired from the World Bank Organisation. The analysis is conducted on the data for the year 2008. The data is a sample of Gross National Income of selected 173 countries. The methods employed are analysis of summary statistics, analysis of frequency table and histogram and the analysis of line graph of Gross National Income. Results In accordance with the descriptive statistics demonstrated in Table 1, the following relation can be ascertained: Mean > Median > Mode = 12668 > 7270 > 4860 . This relationship shows that the data is positively skewed. This in turn means that the number of countries with low Gross National Income is higher as compared to those higher Gross National Income. Mean is a measure of the central tendency that is outlier biased. The statistical Median represents centre value of the data. Mode actually represents the majority values in the data. In this case the Median seems more appropriate to be focused as the central tendency as Mean seems to deliver an impression that the GNI of all countries is good whereas the Mode value paints an opposite picture. The Line Graph of Gross National Income asserts the selection of Median as a central tendency as the majority of spikes are almost at same level i.e. around 40,000. The exceptions are quiet evident in the above mentioned graph due to which the Mean cannot be selected as the central tendency. The value of Standard deviation is also high due to these exceptions. The Histogram (Figure 1) of the frequency table (Table 2) shows an asymptotic decay in the frequencies. As a result of which it can be claimed that the data is following Exponential Distribution. Conclusion It is concluded that as the rat e of Gross National Income is proceeding towards higher degree, the number of countries on the scale is diminishing. The frequency table (Table 2) highlights the lower Gross National Income recorded for the majority of countries. Part 2 Correlation and Regression: Data was

Literature review on a particular aspect of health psychology Essay

Literature review on a particular aspect of health psychology - Essay Example Another eating disorder emerged, however, towards the end of the 1970s, when there were reports of an increasing number of adolescents who indulged in overeating, followed immediately by induced vomiting. This disorder was first named ‘bulimarexia’ (Ibid), as it shared some similar features with those suffering from anorexia nervosa. It was in 1979 when the term ‘bulimia nervosa’ was introduced by a London psychiatrist, Professor Gerald Russell in a seminal paper which he published in the psychiatric journal Psychological Medicine (Abraham, 2008). Bulimia means ‘to eat like an ox† (Abraham, 2008). Professor Russell described 40% of his patients suffering from a clinical condition as that of ‘an ominous variant of anorexia nervosa†, a disorder he termed ‘bulimia nervosa’. He explained that these groups of people periodically went on eating binges, while at the same time adopted extreme measures like induced vomiting to prevent themselves from becoming fat (Abraham, 2008; Cooper, 2009). In his paper, he proposed three definitions for bulimia nervosa: 1) powerful and intractable urges to overeat; 2) attempts to avoid the ‘fattening’ effects of food by inducing vomiting, abusing purgatives, or both; and 3) a morbid fear of fatness (Cooper, 2009). His definitions set a trend over the next few years, as clinicians and researchers used them as guidelines in identifying people with bulimia nervosa. The criteria for recognizing the onset of the disorder, however, became the subject of much debate as to how widespread bulimia nervosa was. In 1994, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV), published by the American Psychiatric Association, provided some guidelines which has since then been widely accepted by mental health professionals (Schulherr, 2008). Some of these included episodes of binge-eating and purging, characterized by the person’s